ubuntu换源时出现问题的解决

               ubuntu换源时出现问题的解决

                        源自(http://www.wmzblog.cn/post/82.html)

在安装Ubuntu软件的时候总是提示
W: 未能取回 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/u/unixodbc/unixodbc_2.2.11-16build1_amd64.deb
无法解析域名“cn.archive.ubuntu.com”
到群上去问了下才知道是源的问题，然后就到GG找教程，想把那个没用的源给换了，找到了个不错的教程！比较适合我这样的菜鸟，呵呵！

修改源並更新你的(k/x/ed)ubuntu

* 不同的網路狀況連接以下源的速度不同。建議在添加前手動驗證以下源的連接速度（ping下就行）。比如說北京網通用戶連接cn99就非常慢，而 ftp.sjtu.edu.cn是相對較快的源。選擇最快的源可大大節省下載時間，請根據自己網路環境設置更新伺服器，以達到最快的速度。
* 註意，你可以同時加入幾個源。儘量選擇一組官方的源（也就是下麵的Archive.ubuntu.com的條目）直接加在文件的最後，以避免非官方源軟體 包不全時出現 404 Not Found 文件未發現的錯誤。建議電信用戶使用cn99和臺灣大學的源，網通用戶使用歐洲官方源或臺灣大學的源，教育網用戶使用教育網的源。


打開終端方法：

按下ALT+F2 -> gnome-terminal -> 運行 #(ed)ubuntu
按下ALT+F2 -> konsole -> 運行 #Kubuntu
按下ALT+F2 -> xfce4-terminal -> 運行 #xubuntu

在終端執行命令

備份當前的源列表，以便日後需要時恢復：

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup

編輯源列表

Ubuntu 和 Edubuntu 中執行：
gksu gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

Kubuntu 中執行：
kdesu kate /etc/apt/sources.list

Xubuntu 中執行：
gksu mousepad /etc/apt/sources.list

適用於所有版本：
sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list


從以下各伺服器列表內容中選擇一段替換文件中的所有內容，一般來說加入一至兩組即可，加多了影響更新速度。為防止非官方源中軟體包不全的問題，請在sources.list文件中尾部添加一組官方源。


Archive.ubuntu.com更新伺服器（歐洲，此為官方源，電信網通用戶使用)：

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

Ubuntu.cn99.com更新伺服器（江蘇省常州市電信，推薦電信用戶使用）：

deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu-cn/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse


Mirrors.shlug.org更新伺服器（電信伺服器，Ubuntu China Official Mirror, maintained by Shanghai Linux User Group）：

deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse


Mirror.lupaworld.com更新伺服器（浙江省杭州市雙線伺服器）：

deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse


廈門大學更新伺服器（教育網伺服器）：

deb ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports restricted universe multiverse
deb ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse


成都市 電子科技大學更新伺服器（教育網，推薦校園網和網通用戶使用）：

deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main multiverse restricted universe

== 如果無法解析uestc.edu.cn功能變數名稱，請使用以下地址 ==

deb http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ gutsy main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ gutsy main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main multiverse restricted universe


上海市上海交通大學更新伺服器（教育網，推薦校園網和網通用戶使用）：

deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main multiverse restricted universe

中國科學技術大學更新伺服器（教育網，推薦校園網和網通用戶使用）：

deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main multiverse restricted universe

北京市清華大學更新伺服器（教育網，推薦校園網和網通用戶使用）：

deb http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ gutsy main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ gutsy main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main multiverse restricted universe


沈陽市東北大學更新伺服器（教育網，推薦校園網和網通用戶使用）：

deb ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main multiverse restricted universe
deb ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main multiverse restricted universe


中國臺灣 臺灣大學更新伺服器（推薦網通用戶使用，電信PING平均響應速度41MS。強烈推薦此源，比較完整，較少出現同步問題）：

deb http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse


Mirror.vmmatrix.net更新伺服器（上海市電信，推薦電信網通用戶使用）：

deb http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse


ubuntu.cnsite.org更新伺服器（福建省福州市 電信）：

deb http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse


mirror.rootguide.org更新伺服器（上海市 電信）：

deb http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu-cn/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse


臺灣的官方源速度也相當不錯，有時甚至快於內地的：

deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

Ubuntu-cn，推薦各位中文用戶添加:

deb http://archive.ubuntu.org.cn/ubuntu-cn/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse



保存編輯好的文件，執行以下命令更新

sudo apt-get update #這一步是更新你的源列表，換源後必須執行
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade #這一步是更新軟體，如果你對新版本軟體的需求不是那麼迫切，可以不執行